When the RBZ banned mobile money transactions last year people switched to ZIPIT and swipe transactions. Now the RBZ’s Financial Intelligence Unit (FIU) is now going after swipe transactions. Banks have been ordered to monitor and report suspicious swipe transactions and report them to the RBZ. This is the latest desperate bid from the RBZ to arrest the rise in black market rates.

ABUSE OF DEBIT CARDS TO FACILITATE ILLEGAL FOREIGN EXCHANGE TRANSACTIONS

The Financial Intelligence Unit has noted the increasing abuse of debit cards linked to Zimbabwe dollar-denominated bank accounts. Card-holders approach customers who intend to purchase goods or services in foreign currency and offer the use of their cards in return for foreign currency at an agreed rate.

In the course of discharging AML/CFT obligations, banks are expected to identify and report these transactions as suspicious and, in case of repeated abuse, close the accounts and report same to the FIU.

Banks are directed to implement the following measures to curb the abuse of bank accounts, and debit cards in particular:

(a) Banks should implement a robust automated transaction monitoring mechanism to identify debit cards and the linked bank accounts that are being used frequently and in a pattern that raises suspicion that the customer is abusing the card to pay for goods and services on behalf of third parties;

(b) Having identified such transactions and accounts, the bank must carry out further analysis to establish the source of funding into the accounts as well as the purpose and legitimacy of the payments;

(c) If the bank determines that the account is being abused for third party payments, the bank must file a suspicious transaction report to the FIU;

(d) In addition to filing STRs, banks should consider taking immediate steps to withdraw banking services in respect of the offending customer. In appropriate cases, the bank may, in its discretion, issue a final warning to a customer, before making a final decision to close the account.

Among other indicators, banks should pay attention to, and investigate the following red flags, especially where more than one indicator is present with respect to a single bank account;

A bank account that receives regular inflows from sources or for a purpose that cannot be readily verified, followed by frequent debit card payments to retailers and service providers;
A debit card is used several times a day in the same shop in a manner inconsistent with normal shopping patterns; and
A debit card that is used to purchase goods and services either in the same shop or in different shops in a regular pattern that is not consistent with normal shopping patterns.

Banks are required to –

(a) configure their automated transaction monitoring systems specifically to detect the abuse highlighted above;

(b) to report to the FIU by no later than 18 October 2021 on the specific measures implemented;

(c) thereafter report any suspicious transactions as required to the FIU, as well as details of any accounts that would have been closed as a result of this exercise, within 7 days of such closure.

You are directed accordingly.

The FIU’s directive

Still doesn’t address the underlying issue

The reason why the rate is rising on the black market is that there is a shortage of foreign currency in general plus Zimbabwe’s money supply has been growing. The RBZ wants to have it both ways. They want the money supply to rise but do not want the rate to rise. On the official market they achieve this by using the foreign currency priority list where they deny foreign currency for what they deem to be non-essential items. They also habitually disqualify bids for a plethora of reasons.

The result has been that those denied foreign currency on the formal market go hunt for it on the black market. It’s either they do that or they give up and shut their businesses down. This is simply not an option for those in informal trade that’s not an option. They have to trade in order to make a living so they end up paying those steep costs and passing them to their customers.

All the measures the measures introduced by the Central bank and the authorities do not address the underlying issue of supply and equitable distribution of foreign currency without restrictions. They are just trying to clamp down on activity. With these measures the likely thing to happen is not an appreciation in rates as they government wishes. Rather this is likely to lead to a collapse of the Zimbabwean dollar in the same way we saw back in 2008/9 with people rejecting the local unit.

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